Health Systems Trust Better Health for all in Southern Africa

Home     News     Publications    Health Statistics    Programmes     Search


Health Statistics
The objective of this section is to present the best available data on a wide range of health and related indicators.  This should provide health planners and managers with easy access to data from a variety of sources.

Key References

Definitions

Recently Updated Indicators

Search

 

 

 

HIV prevalence (%) (antenatal)

DefinitionPercentage of women surveyed testing positive for HIV.

Each year a national survey of HIV prevalence among women attending public antenatal clinics in South Africa is conducted by the Department of Health. The Annual HIV antenatal survey provides South Africa with annual HIV trends among pregnant women and further provides the basis for making other estimates and projections on HIV/AIDS trends.

Sentinel sites were selected on the basis of a systematic random sampling in which weighting is conducted using the probability proportional to size (PPS) technique

The high HIV prevalence rates among pregnant women and the projected rates on the general population suggest the ever-increasing need for effective interventions and programmes and strengthening partnerships that will impact on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

ReferenceMakubalo LE, Levin J, Muluma R. Survey of HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa - 1999. Pretoria: Department of Health; 1999.
Keywords
Indicator Type: -> Health Status -> HIV and AIDS

[Related Resources]

Indicator Data
View by [Ethnic] [Geographic (SA provinces)] [International] [District]

AOBRBWCDDZGHKELSMGMUMWMXMZNANOSZTHTRTZUSVEZAZMZW
HIV prevalence (%) (antenatal) [Definition]
1990 ---------------------[1] 0.7--
1991 ---------------------[2] 1.7--
1992 ---------------------[3] 2.2--
1993 ---------------------[4] 4.0--
1994 ---------------------[5] 7.6--
1995 ---------------------[6] 10.4--
1996 ---------------------[7] 14.2--
1997 ---------------------[8] 17.0--
1998 ---------------------[9] 22.8--
1998 age <20---------------------[10] 21.0--
1998 age 20-24---------------------[11] 26.1--
1999 ---------------------[12] 22.4--
1999 age <20---------------------[13] 16.5--
1999 age 20-24---------------------[14] 25.6--
2000 ---------------------[15] 24.5--
2000 age 20-24---------------------[16] 29.1--
2000 age 25-29---------------------[17] 30.6--
2000 age 30-34---------------------[18] 23.3--
2000 age 35-39---------------------[19] 15.8--
2000 age 40+---------------------[20] 11.0--
2000 age <20---------------------[21] 16.1--
2001 ---------------------[22] 24.8--
2001 age 15-24, capital--34.4--3.7---------------[23] 29.8--
2001 age 20-24---------------------[24] 28.4--
2001 age 25-29---------------------[25] 31.4--
2001 age 30-34---------------------[26] 25.6--
2001 age 35-39---------------------[27] 19.3--
2001 age 40+---------------------[28] 9.8--
2001 age <20---------------------[29] 15.4--
2002 ---------------------[30] 26.5--
2002 age 15-24---------------------[31] 23.5--
2002 age 15-24, capital--31.2--2.7---------------[32] 31.6--
2002 age 20-24---------------------[33] 29.1--
2002 age 25-29---------------------[34] 34.5--
2002 age 30-34---------------------[35] 29.5--
2002 age 35-39---------------------[36] 19.8--
2002 age 40+---------------------[37] 17.2--
2002 age <20---------------------[38] 14.8--
2003 ---------------------[39] 27.9--
2003 age <20---------------------15.8--
2003 age 15-24---------------------[40] 24.8--
2003 age 15-24, capital--32.9--3.9-27.8-------------[41] ---
2003 age 20-24---------------------30.3--
2003 age 25-29---------------------35.4--
2003 age 30-34---------------------30.9--
2003 age 35-39---------------------23.4--
2003 age 40+---------------------15.8--
2004 ---------------------[42] 29.5--
2004 age 15-24---------------------[43] 25.1--
2004 age 20-24---------------------30.8--
2004 age 25-29---------------------38.5--
2004 age 30-34---------------------34.4--
2004 age 35-39---------------------24.5--
2004 age 40+---------------------17.5--
2004 age <20---------------------16.1--
2005 ---------------------[44] 30.2--
2005 DHIS---------------------[45] 28.1--
2005 age 15-24---------------------[46] 24.8--
2005 age 20-24---------------------30.6--
2005 age 25-29---------------------39.5--
2005 age 30-34---------------------36.4--
2005 age 35-39---------------------28.0--
2005 age 40+---------------------19.8--
2005 age <20---------------------15.9--
2006 ---------------------[47] 29.1--
2006 DHIS---------------------[48] 26.6--
2006 age 15-24---------------------[49] 23.1--
2006 age 20-24---------------------[50] 28.0--
2006 age <20---------------------[51] 13.7--
2007 ---------------------[52] 28.0--
2007 age 20-24---------------------[53] 28.1--
2007 age <20---------------------[54] 12.9--
AO: Angola  BR: Brazil  BW: Botswana  CD: Congo, Democratic Republic of  DZ: Algeria  GH: Ghana  KE: Kenya  LS: Lesotho  MG: Madagascar  MU: Mauritius  MW: Malawi  MX: Mexico  MZ: Mozambique  NA: Namibia  NO: Norway  SZ: Swaziland  TH: Thailand  TR: Turkey  TZ: Tanzania  US: United States of America  VE: Venezuela  ZA: South Africa  ZM: Zambia  ZW: Zimbabwe  

Notes and References

  1. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  2. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  3. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  4. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  5. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  6. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  7. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  8. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  9. Antenatal Survey 1998: 1998 National HIV sero-prevalence survey of women attending public antenatal clinics in South Africa. Pretoria: Department of Health; 1999.
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_1998.pdf
  10. Antenatal Survey 1999: Makubalo LE, Levin J, Muluma R. Survey of HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa - 1999. Pretoria: Department of Health; 1999. In the 1999 survey a total of 16 841 women participated from 487 sentinel sites (clinics) throughout the nine provinces. Sentinel sites were selected on the basis of a systematic random sampling in which weighting is conducted using the probability proportional to size (PPS) technique. Blood specimens were tested using the ELISA test. In the last three years modifications have been made to the methodology to incorporate more stringent quality control measures and therefore achieve greater reliability with respect to laboratory quality procedures, data entry and analysis. Data were analysed using the STATA and EPI INFO statistical packages.
    Local copy: -
  11. Antenatal Survey 1999: Makubalo LE, Levin J, Muluma R. Survey of HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa - 1999. Pretoria: Department of Health; 1999. In the 1999 survey a total of 16 841 women participated from 487 sentinel sites (clinics) throughout the nine provinces. Sentinel sites were selected on the basis of a systematic random sampling in which weighting is conducted using the probability proportional to size (PPS) technique. Blood specimens were tested using the ELISA test. In the last three years modifications have been made to the methodology to incorporate more stringent quality control measures and therefore achieve greater reliability with respect to laboratory quality procedures, data entry and analysis. Data were analysed using the STATA and EPI INFO statistical packages.
    Local copy: -
  12. Antenatal Survey 1999: Makubalo LE, Levin J, Muluma R. Survey of HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa - 1999. Pretoria: Department of Health; 1999. In the 1999 survey a total of 16 841 women participated from 487 sentinel sites (clinics) throughout the nine provinces. Sentinel sites were selected on the basis of a systematic random sampling in which weighting is conducted using the probability proportional to size (PPS) technique. Blood specimens were tested using the ELISA test. In the last three years modifications have been made to the methodology to incorporate more stringent quality control measures and therefore achieve greater reliability with respect to laboratory quality procedures, data entry and analysis. Data were analysed using the STATA and EPI INFO statistical packages.
    Local copy: -
    The findings of the 1999 antenatal survey show the following: HIV/AIDS continues to be a very serious health problem in South Africa with HIV prevalence among pregnant women being estimated at 22,4%. This rate has, however, not increased significantly from the HIV estimate of 22,8% found in the 1999 antenatal survey. HIV associated with geographic area HIV prevalence in pregnant women has increased in the Free State, Gauteng, North-West, Eastern Cape, and the Western Cape provinces. Four provinces, namely, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Cape, Northern Province and Mpumalanga have rates which have not increased from 1998. The Mpumalanga findings suggest a decrease which may need to be confirmed with further studies. The 1999 findings suggest that South Africa may be seeing a shift in the epidemiological profile of HIV, in which a small degree of ‘stabilisation’ (i.e. not a generalised HIV increase ) may be occurring. Extrapolation to the general population Based on this year’s antenatal survey findings, we estimate that HIV infection in the general population is as follows -: men 1,9 million, women 2,2 million, infants 94 608 (best estimate). The total number of individuals infected with HIV throughout the country is estimated at approximately 4,2 million. These estimates concur with UNAIDS/WHO estimates on numbers of persons possibly infected in 1999.3 Discussion The 1999 HIV survey findings show that HIV rates remain very high. We have reason to believe that 1999 might be marking a point at which a shift in the epidemiological profile of HIV is taking place. This shift or stabilisation may be characterised by non increase in HIV from 1998 to 1999. Stabilisation does not necessarily mean that there is a reduction in HIV incidence though this may be a contributing factor. Other factors may include, for instance, higher mortality among HIV-infected individuals and fewer pregnancies occurring among women with HIV. Other supporting data such as HIV incidence estimates are required to confirm the stabilisation factor. The high HIV prevalence rates among pregnant women and the projected rates on the general population suggest the ever-increasing need for effective interventions and programmes and strengthening partnerships that will impact on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
  13. Antenatal Survey 1999: Makubalo LE, Levin J, Muluma R. Survey of HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa - 1999. Pretoria: Department of Health; 1999. In the 1999 survey a total of 16 841 women participated from 487 sentinel sites (clinics) throughout the nine provinces. Sentinel sites were selected on the basis of a systematic random sampling in which weighting is conducted using the probability proportional to size (PPS) technique. Blood specimens were tested using the ELISA test. In the last three years modifications have been made to the methodology to incorporate more stringent quality control measures and therefore achieve greater reliability with respect to laboratory quality procedures, data entry and analysis. Data were analysed using the STATA and EPI INFO statistical packages.
    Local copy: -
  14. Antenatal Survey 1999: Makubalo LE, Levin J, Muluma R. Survey of HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa - 1999. Pretoria: Department of Health; 1999. In the 1999 survey a total of 16 841 women participated from 487 sentinel sites (clinics) throughout the nine provinces. Sentinel sites were selected on the basis of a systematic random sampling in which weighting is conducted using the probability proportional to size (PPS) technique. Blood specimens were tested using the ELISA test. In the last three years modifications have been made to the methodology to incorporate more stringent quality control measures and therefore achieve greater reliability with respect to laboratory quality procedures, data entry and analysis. Data were analysed using the STATA and EPI INFO statistical packages.
    Local copy: -
    HIV associated with age groups One of the more important measures of HIV trends by age group is the measure among women in their twenties. In this study it was found that women in their twenties continue to have higher HIV infection rates than pregnant women in other age groups. It is important to note, however, that HIV prevalence rates have not increased significantly among the 20 - 24 year olds and the 25 - 29 year olds between 1998 and 1999. HIV rates were lower among teenage girls in 1999 in comparison to 1998.
  15. Antenatal Survey 2000: National HIV and Syphilis sero-prevalence survey of women attending public antenatal clinics in South Africa 2000. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2001. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2000/hivreport.html ftp://ftp.hst.org.za/pubs/govdocs/antenatal_2000.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2000.pdf
  16. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  17. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  18. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  19. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  20. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  21. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  22. Antenatal Survey 2001: National HIV and Syphilis sero-prevalence survey of women attending public antenatal clinics in South Africa - 2001. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2002. http://www.doh.gov.za/aids/docs/sum-report.html
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2001.pdf
  23. Millennium Development Goals: United Nations Development Programme Millennium Development Goals web site. Range of documents and reports relating to the MDGs. http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/
    Local copy: -
    The capital 'cities' given in the source for the data shown are Gabarone (Botswana), Acra (Ghana), Gauteng (South Africa). In addition it should be noted that the published data for South Africa appear in fact to be the values for all age groups combined for Gauteng province, and therefore do not conform to the precise definition of the MDG indicator.
  24. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  25. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  26. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  27. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  28. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  29. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  30. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  31. Antenatal Survey 2004: National HIV and syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2004. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2005. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2004.pdf
  32. Millennium Development Goals: United Nations Development Programme Millennium Development Goals web site. Range of documents and reports relating to the MDGs. http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/
    Local copy: -
    The capital 'cities' given in the source for the data shown are Gabarone (Botswana), Acra (Ghana), Gauteng (South Africa). In addition it should be noted that the published data for South Africa appear in fact to be the values for all age groups combined for Gauteng province, and therefore do not conform to the precise definition of the MDG indicator.
  33. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  34. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  35. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  36. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  37. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  38. Antenatal Survey 2002: National HIV and Syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2002. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2003. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2002/hiv-syphilis.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2002.pdf
  39. Antenatal Survey 2003: Makubalo L, Netshidzivhani P, Mahlasela L, du Plessis R. National HIV and Syphilis Antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2003. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2004. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2003/hiv/p1-23.pdf
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2003.pdf
  40. Antenatal Survey 2004: National HIV and syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2004. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2005. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2004.pdf
  41. Millennium Development Goals: United Nations Development Programme Millennium Development Goals web site. Range of documents and reports relating to the MDGs. http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/
    Local copy: -
    The capital 'cities' given in the source for the data shown are Gabarone (Botswana), Acra (Ghana), Maseru (Lesotho), Gauteng (South Africa). In addition it should be noted that the published data for South Africa appear in fact to be the values for all age groups combined for Gauteng province, and therefore do not conform to the precise definition of the MDG indicator.
  42. Antenatal Survey 2004: National HIV and syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2004. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2005. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2004.pdf
  43. Antenatal Survey 2004: National HIV and syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2004. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2005. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2004.pdf
  44. Antenatal Survey 2005: National HIV and syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2005. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2006. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/hiv-syphilis-f.html
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2005.pdf
  45. DHIS: District Health Information System Database. National Department of Health.
    Local copy: -
    Data extracted June 2006
  46. Antenatal Survey 2005: National HIV and syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2005. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2006. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/hiv-syphilis-f.html
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2005.pdf
    Calculated using sample size for each age group.
  47. Antenatal Survey 2006: National HIV and syphilis prevalence survey in South Africa 2006. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2007. http://www.doh.gov.za
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2006.pdf
  48. DHIS: District Health Information System Database. National Department of Health.
    Local copy: -
    Value for WC obtained directly from province and not included in calculation of national average. Published in District Health Barometer 2007. Health Systems Trust; forthcoming. Data extracted July 2007.
  49. Antenatal Survey 2006: National HIV and syphilis prevalence survey in South Africa 2006. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2007. http://www.doh.gov.za
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2006.pdf
    Calculated from weighted average of prevalence in <20 and 20-24 age groups.
  50. Antenatal Survey 2006: National HIV and syphilis prevalence survey in South Africa 2006. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2007. http://www.doh.gov.za
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2006.pdf
  51. Antenatal Survey 2006: National HIV and syphilis prevalence survey in South Africa 2006. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2007. http://www.doh.gov.za
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2006.pdf
  52. Antenatal Survey 2007: The National HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey South Africa 2007. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2008. http://www.doh.gov.za
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2007.pdf
    At time of publication there is controversy about whether the national and provincial estimates for 2007 are correctly calculated. Dorrington R, Bourne D. Has HIV prevalence peaked in South Africa? Can the report on the latest antenatal survey be trusted to answer this question? S Afr Med J. 2008; 98(10): epub ahead of publication. URL: http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/viewFile/2885/2093
  53. Antenatal Survey 2007: The National HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey South Africa 2007. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2008. http://www.doh.gov.za
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2007.pdf
  54. Antenatal Survey 2007: The National HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey South Africa 2007. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2008. http://www.doh.gov.za
    Local copy: http://www.hst.org.za/indicators/HIV_AIDS/antenatal_2007.pdf
 Contact details       Terms of use       Funder info